Friday, January 13, 2012

Ranula-CT images

Definition : Term Rana(for Ranula) from latin means  Frog
Collectively, the mucocele, the oral ranula, and the cervical, or plunging, ranula are clinical terms for a pseudocyst that is associated with mucus extravasation into the surrounding soft tissues. These lesions occur as the result of trauma or obstruction to the salivary gland excretory duct and spillage of mucin into the surrounding soft tissues. Mucoceles, which are of minor salivary gland origin, are also referred to as mucus retention phenomenon and mucus escape reaction usually occur in the floor of the mouth and  involve the major salivary glands.


Specifically, the ranula originates in the body of the sublingual gland, in the ducts of Rivini of the sublingual gland, in the Wharton duct of the submandibular gland, and, infrequently from the minor salivary glands at this location. Oral ranulas are secondary to mucus extravasation that pools superior to the mylohyoid muscle, whereas cervical ranulas are associated with mucus extravasation along the fascial planes of the neck.

Sunday, January 1, 2012

Watch-Preparation for Full metal Crown Video




Conventional Over-Denture-Introduction

A conventional over-denture rests over some healthy natural tooth roots.

An overview of theJaw
Maintaining a denture on the jaw bone ridge (called alveolar ridge) isessential to preventing it from becoming loose during eating, speaking andother activities.
Preserving the alveolar ridge facilitates denture stability
The body tends to conserve energy and nutrients by maintaining onlystructures with apparent immediate value. A typical example is the bulkreduction of a broken leg held immobile by a full leg cast for a month or more.
The body "recognizes" the only one purpose for alveolar boneis to hold tooth roots.
Alveolar bone no longer supporting a tooth root is removed, or literallydissolved away by the body. This is called resorption or simply shrinkage.
Resorption progresses at varying rates in the same person at differenttimes and at different rates between different people. Resorption progressesrapidly within the first year of loosing a tooth after which time the rateprogresses at a slower pace.



Preserving the Jawbone
IF the maximum amount of bone is to be maintained then preserving themaximum number of healthy tooth roots should achieve that end.

Preserving thesensation of having teeth
Studies demonstrate that even though only roots are preserved, and theyare covered by a denture, a patient still has sensory input sensations similarto that experienced with teeth, as opposed to individuals with conventionaldentures and no preserved roots. Over-denture patients also appear to have amore natural perceived directional sense in their chewing activities. In otherwords, many patients relate that they still feel like they have teeth - - apositive comment.

Why anover-denture?
If a patient is treatment planned to have a denture, and the roots ofsome remaining teeth are supported in healthy alveolar bone - - then aconventional over-denture is a viable consideration.
However, only a licensed dental professional can determine if a conventionalover-denture is a suitable consideration for a certain person, after acomprehensive examination.

Somecharacteristics of a conventional over-denture
  • Most of atooth crown (that part of the tooth above the gums) is removed. This oftennecessitates root canal therapy if not already done.
  • Remainingtooth, projecting above the gum, is rounded and usually covered with asimilarly shaped artificial crown-like covering.
  • Variousconfigurations and extensions may be built onto some retained roots. In thosecases, that portion of the denture overlying these configurations is modifiedto contain attachments that clip onto a framework or receive the individualextensions. In addition to preserving alveolar bone and sensory input, thedenture is securely held in place, but may be comfortably and easily removed forcleaning.
Advantages of aconventional over-denture

  1. Feelsmore like having teeth
  2. Moreretentive in many cases
  3. Helpsreduce shrinkage of surrounding bone
  4. Reducespressure to portions of the alveolar ridge
  5. Positive psychological advantage of still having teeth

Disadvantages of aconventional over-denture

  1. Scrupulousoral hygiene is essential in order prevent decay and gum disease.
  2. Theover-denture may feel bulkier than a conventional denture.
  3. Frequentmaintenance examinations are necessary.
  4. Generallythis is a more expensive approach than a conventional denture.

ImplantOver-Denture
An implantover-denture connects to cylinder-like configurations (called implants) thathave been surgically implanted into jaw bone.
The denture appearslike a traditional prosthesis. However, that part of the denture overlying implantsis modified to retain various semi-rigid attachments that receive implantextensions projecting above the gum. This arrangement helps keep a denturesecurely in place while eating, speaking and during other oral activities, butstill allows easy self-removal of the denture for cleaning purposes.

There are two phasesto this process. The first is a surgical phase consisting of two stages, andthe second is a prosthetic phase (making the implant denture). 

The surgical phase

Surgical insertionstage
Implants arecompletely inserted into precise preparations in jaw bone. While there arevarious implant configurations, they are essentially cylindrical in shape andmade of pure titanium metal. After implants are inserted into jaw bone, gumtissue over the implant is closed with sutures in most cases.
While a minimum of twoimplants may be inserted for an acceptable outcome, a person may be treatment plannedto receive three or more - - depending upon individual needs and anatomicallimitations. More implants will give additional support and retention to theimplant denture.

Healing andsurgical exposure stage

During healing, anexisting or temporary denture may continue to be worn after adjustments havebeen made to adapt to the surgerized site. If the existing denture cannot bealtered sufficiently, a provisional prosthesis should be fabricated.
Implants are leftundisturbed beneath gum tissue for at least several months as determined by thedental professional. During this time bone reorganizes and grows around theimplant surface, anchoring it securely into the jaw (this is calledosseointegration).
At the end of thehealing stage, the top of the implant is exposed by removing gum tissuedirectly over it.
An extension that isthen screwed into the exposed implant projects slightly above the gum tissue. Afteradjustments, an existing denture can be worn over an implant extension whilethe gum heals.
However, the denturemust be reshaped to conform to surgical site contours in order to avoid unnecessarypressure areas on the newly surgerized site.

The prostheticphase (making the implant denture)

A precisionsuperstructure is fabricated that is screwed into the implant extensions. Thissuperstructure may have various interface configurations ranging from interconnectingmetal bars to specially shaped singular extensions.
A denture isfabricated with special provisions on the inside surface to receive varioustypes of attachments (interlocks). Depending on the attachment, they interactin various ways with the superstructure. For example, a metal or plasticattachment may clip onto metal superstructure bars, a nylon receptacle mayreceive a specially configured implant extension, and so forth.
Theattachment/superstructure configuration helps to securely maintain a denturewhile eating and speaking, and still allows a person to comfortably and easilyremove the prosthesis for cleaning purposes.

Essentialmaintenance needs

As might be expected,exemplary oral hygiene is essential to helping prevent the development ofdisease around implants that could cause their failure.
Implants,superstructure, attachments and the over-denture must be checked andprofessionally maintained by a licensed dental professional on a regular basis.Attachments often need periodic adjustment or replacement due to wear.
While the implantover-denture approach is complex and expensive, the value received by anindividual usually far exceeds monetary considerations.

How long willimplant over-dentures last?

An implant may lastfor a lifetime (current reports show many implants lasting twenty years) ordeteriorate in a few years  - manyfactors are involved that reduce the life expectancy of implants, such as oral hygiene,general health, habits such as smoking, grinding, and so forth. The superstructureor implant extensions may need to be replaced after five years. Depending onthe implant system used, some parts may need to be replaced annually, orsooner, because of wear or deterioration. These time frames are generalities.The dental profession continues to strive for long-term durability.


Saturday, December 31, 2011

Important Post Delivary instructions following Denture Delivary

Here in this post we would like to share, Important Post delivery instructions following Denture delivery.


Congratulation! You have just received your finalprosthesis. We hope you will enjoy using it. There are a few things to keep inmind:

1. You may salivate more heavily for the next several days,until your mouth is accustom to the presence of the new prosthesis.
2. You may feel awkward when talking or speaking certainwords, at first. With practice, your tongue will be trained to accommodatearound the prosthesis and your phonic will become normal, again. Reading outloud may help expedite the process.
3. Sore spots are normal. Please give us a call to have yourprosthesis adjusted, as necessary. We want to make sure that you will be ableto use your new teeth, as comfortably as possible.
4. Occasionally, due to the morphology of the underlying jawbone, the use of adhesive cream or paste may be required to attain satisfactoryretention.
5. Keep your prosthesis soak in a water bath, with denturecleansing tablet, when not in use, especially during bed time.
6. Leave your new teeth out, during bed time, allowing yourgum to breath regain normal circulation.
7. Clean your denture with a toothbrush and hand/liquidsoap, over a half-filled sink or bucket of water, prior to each use.
8. Avoid chewing gum or eating sticky foods.



New full or partialDenture Instructions-in Detail

Introduction
I believe that youwill be very successful with your new full denture or removable partial denture.When you begin to wear your new prosthesis there is an adjustment period whereyour usual mouth functions may need to be relearned. These include chewing,speech, swallowing, appearance of lip posture, and ridge comfort. The followingsuggestions may help you in adapting to your new prosthesis and in maintainingit.

Discomfort
Avoid pain by startingwith easy but nutritious food to eat. Examples of a softer diet can includefish, eggs, cottage cheese, cooked potatoes, oranges and apple sauce. If you havediscomfort, remove the denture and massage the painful area with your finger.Let the gums rest and then replace the denture. Continue to use your prosthesisuntil your next visit. If you fail to wear the denture, no sore will be visibleand precise adjustments will be very difficult.

Chewing
Try to chew with foodon both sides of your mouth. If food is bilaterally placed, the denture will beless likely to tip. Try not to bite with the front teeth as this may cause the backend of the denture to move off the gums. Biting with the side teeth will givebetter stability. Holding the top denture up with the tongue while chewingrequires talent but this habit can be very useful.

Swallowing
Pain during swallowingmay simply require a minor denture base adjustment.

Saliva
With the stimulus of newdentures your mouth may have more or less saliva for a few days. Be patient andthe flow will return to normal.

Speech
Speech is a verycomplicated and dynamic process involving all parts of the airway and mouth.Your denture has been constructed to meet the demands of stability and retentionduring speech. Fortunately, people are very adaptable and speech sounds verygood at the time of delivery. If speech does not sound right to you, give it sometime and normal body adaptation will resolve your concerns. Practice readingaloud. Do not focus undue attention on the process.

Cleaning
To remove food debrisand bacterial plaque from your prosthesis, brush vigorously with a stiffdenture brush. Use either soap and water, tooth paste or a commercially availabledenture cleaning agent. The effervescent soaking solutions are also useful.Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Wash your denture over a basin of wateror a cloth. If they are dropped on a hard surface, the acrylic portion mayfracture and any metal may bend.

Sleep
In general, take thedentures out or at least remove the lower denture for the night. This will allowthe gums to rest. If this causes the jaw joints to hurt replace the denturesand use your best judgment for comfortable
sleep.

Recall
Post deliveryfollow-up usually requires three visits. More are available as needed. Afterthe first year, annual recall visits are useful to monitor changes in the shapeof the ridges, wear of the teeth and general oral health. If there are problemswith pain, chewing, or with wear or breakage of the base or teeth, please makean appointment with the office at your earliest opportunity.


Free Download Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms

Free Download Glossary of Prosthodontic
(Prosthetic Dentistry) Terms